We've got enemies and movement!!

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Matt F 2026-05-12 22:18:23 -07:00
parent 42ee0bf65d
commit 3287e8ea43
26 changed files with 1409 additions and 161 deletions

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// Assets/_Project/Scripts/Gameplay/PathfindingService.cs
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using TD.Core;
using TD.Levels;
namespace TD.Gameplay
{
/// <summary>
/// Scene singleton that computes shortest-path routes from any tile to the
/// nearest goal tile using A* on the runtime walkability grid.
/// </summary>
/// <remarks>
/// <b>Algorithm:</b> A* with Manhattan-distance heuristic. Grid cost is uniform
/// (1 per step, 4-connected, no diagonals), so A* is optimal and significantly
/// faster than plain BFS on large grids thanks to the heuristic.
///
/// <b>Who calls this:</b>
/// <list type="bullet">
/// <item><see cref="EnemyMovement"/> calls <see cref="ComputePath"/> once on
/// spawn and again whenever <see cref="OnPathsInvalidated"/> fires.</item>
/// </list>
///
/// <b>Invalidation:</b> Subscribes to <see cref="LevelLoader.OnWalkabilityChanged"/>.
/// When a tower is placed or sold, <c>LevelLoader.SetWalkable</c> fires that event
/// and <see cref="OnPathsInvalidated"/> is relayed to all active enemies, which
/// each recompute their own path from their current tile.
///
/// <b>Goal tile set:</b> Built once on <c>Start</c> from
/// <c>LevelLoader.LevelData.Goals[].TileArea</c>. Goal tiles never change at
/// runtime (they are baked into the level), so there is no need to rebuild the set.
///
/// <b>No caching:</b> Paths are computed on demand per enemy. On typical TD grid
/// sizes (50×50 or smaller) a single A* run takes &lt;1 ms. If profiling shows
/// otherwise, add a per-startTile cache here.
/// </remarks>
public class PathfindingService : MonoBehaviour
{
// ----- Singleton --------------------------------------------------
public static PathfindingService Instance { get; private set; }
// ----- Events -----------------------------------------------------
/// <summary>
/// Fired on every peer when the walkability grid changes (tower placed/sold).
/// <see cref="EnemyMovement"/> subscribes per-instance to recompute its path.
/// </summary>
public event System.Action OnPathsInvalidated;
// ----- State ------------------------------------------------------
// Built once on Start from LevelData.Goals[].TileArea.
private HashSet<Vector2Int> goalTiles;
// A* scratch collections — allocated once and cleared per run to avoid GC.
// PathfindingService is a singleton, so single-instance scratch is safe.
private readonly Dictionary<Vector2Int, Vector2Int> cameFrom = new Dictionary<Vector2Int, Vector2Int>();
private readonly Dictionary<Vector2Int, int> gScore = new Dictionary<Vector2Int, int>();
private readonly SimplePriorityQueue openSet = new SimplePriorityQueue();
// ----- Lifecycle --------------------------------------------------
private void Awake()
{
if (Instance != null && Instance != this)
{
Debug.LogError("[PathfindingService] Duplicate instance detected. " +
"Only one PathfindingService should exist per scene.");
Destroy(gameObject);
return;
}
Instance = this;
}
private void Start()
{
BuildGoalTileSet();
var loader = LevelLoader.Instance;
if (loader != null)
loader.OnWalkabilityChanged += HandleWalkabilityChanged;
else
Debug.LogWarning("[PathfindingService] LevelLoader not found in Start. " +
"Path invalidation will not work.");
}
private void OnDestroy()
{
if (Instance == this) Instance = null;
var loader = LevelLoader.Instance;
if (loader != null)
loader.OnWalkabilityChanged -= HandleWalkabilityChanged;
}
// ----- Public API -------------------------------------------------
/// <summary>
/// Computes the shortest walkable path from <paramref name="startTile"/> to
/// the nearest goal tile. Returns an ordered list of tiles to visit, starting
/// with the first step AFTER <paramref name="startTile"/> and ending with the
/// reached goal tile. Returns an empty list if no path exists or LevelLoader
/// is unavailable (should not occur — TowerPlacementManager guarantees a path
/// always exists after any placement).
/// </summary>
public List<Vector2Int> ComputePath(Vector2Int startTile)
{
var loader = LevelLoader.Instance;
if (loader == null || !loader.IsLoaded || goalTiles == null || goalTiles.Count == 0)
{
Debug.LogWarning("[PathfindingService] Cannot compute path: " +
"LevelLoader unavailable or no goal tiles baked.");
return new List<Vector2Int>();
}
return RunAStar(startTile, loader);
}
// ----- A* implementation ------------------------------------------
private List<Vector2Int> RunAStar(Vector2Int start, LevelLoader loader)
{
cameFrom.Clear();
gScore.Clear();
openSet.Clear();
gScore[start] = 0;
openSet.Enqueue(start, Heuristic(start));
while (openSet.Count > 0)
{
Vector2Int current = openSet.Dequeue();
if (goalTiles.Contains(current))
return ReconstructPath(start, current);
int currentG = gScore.TryGetValue(current, out int g) ? g : int.MaxValue;
foreach (var neighbor in GridCoordinates.GetNeighbors(current))
{
if (!loader.IsWalkable(neighbor)) continue;
int tentativeG = currentG + 1;
if (gScore.TryGetValue(neighbor, out int existingG)
&& tentativeG >= existingG) continue;
cameFrom[neighbor] = current;
gScore[neighbor] = tentativeG;
int f = tentativeG + Heuristic(neighbor);
// Re-enqueue with updated priority. SimplePriorityQueue handles
// duplicate entries by ignoring higher-cost duplicates on dequeue.
openSet.Enqueue(neighbor, f);
}
}
// No path found — TowerPlacementManager should have prevented this.
Debug.LogWarning($"[PathfindingService] A* found no path from {start}. " +
"Check that TowerPlacementManager BFS is validating correctly.");
return new List<Vector2Int>();
}
// Manhattan distance to the nearest goal tile. Admissible heuristic for
// a 4-connected uniform-cost grid.
private int Heuristic(Vector2Int tile)
{
int best = int.MaxValue;
foreach (var goal in goalTiles)
{
int d = GridCoordinates.ManhattanDistance(tile, goal);
if (d < best) best = d;
}
return best;
}
private List<Vector2Int> ReconstructPath(Vector2Int start, Vector2Int goal)
{
var path = new List<Vector2Int>();
Vector2Int current = goal;
while (current != start)
{
path.Add(current);
if (!cameFrom.TryGetValue(current, out current))
break; // shouldn't happen
}
path.Reverse();
return path;
}
// ----- Helpers ----------------------------------------------------
private void BuildGoalTileSet()
{
goalTiles = new HashSet<Vector2Int>();
var loader = LevelLoader.Instance;
if (loader == null || loader.LevelData == null || loader.LevelData.Goals == null)
{
Debug.LogWarning("[PathfindingService] No LevelData or Goals found. " +
"Enemies will have no destination.");
return;
}
foreach (var goal in loader.LevelData.Goals)
{
if (goal.TileArea == null) continue;
foreach (var tile in goal.TileArea)
goalTiles.Add(tile);
}
Debug.Log($"[PathfindingService] Goal tile set built: {goalTiles.Count} tiles.");
}
private void HandleWalkabilityChanged()
{
OnPathsInvalidated?.Invoke();
}
}
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Minimal priority queue for A*. Uses a sorted list of (priority, tile) pairs.
// Suitable for the grid sizes in this project (typically < 10,000 tiles).
// Replace with a binary heap if profiling shows this as a bottleneck.
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
internal sealed class SimplePriorityQueue
{
private readonly List<(int priority, Vector2Int tile)> heap
= new List<(int, Vector2Int)>();
public int Count => heap.Count;
public void Clear() => heap.Clear();
public void Enqueue(Vector2Int tile, int priority)
{
heap.Add((priority, tile));
SiftUp(heap.Count - 1);
}
public Vector2Int Dequeue()
{
Vector2Int result = heap[0].tile;
int last = heap.Count - 1;
heap[0] = heap[last];
heap.RemoveAt(last);
if (heap.Count > 0) SiftDown(0);
return result;
}
private void SiftUp(int i)
{
while (i > 0)
{
int parent = (i - 1) / 2;
if (heap[parent].priority <= heap[i].priority) break;
(heap[i], heap[parent]) = (heap[parent], heap[i]);
i = parent;
}
}
private void SiftDown(int i)
{
int count = heap.Count;
while (true)
{
int smallest = i;
int left = 2 * i + 1;
int right = 2 * i + 2;
if (left < count && heap[left].priority < heap[smallest].priority) smallest = left;
if (right < count && heap[right].priority < heap[smallest].priority) smallest = right;
if (smallest == i) break;
(heap[i], heap[smallest]) = (heap[smallest], heap[i]);
i = smallest;
}
}
}
}