Everything related to chat functionality, and updating the projectile prefab to rotate properly

Assets/_Project/Prefabs/Projectiles/ProjectilePlaceholder.prefab

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@@ -201,3 +119,117 @@ MonoBehaviour:
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Assets/_Project/Scenes/Levels/Main.unity

@@ -1077,6 +1077,10 @@ MonoBehaviour:
   placementManager: {fileID: 1507514108}
   cameraController: {fileID: 1239994223}
   rejectionMessageDuration: 2.5
+  chatMaxHeight: 280
+  chatMaxMessages: 2147483647
+  chatSystemColor: {r: 1, g: 0.7, b: 0.2, a: 1}
+  chatPlayerColor: {r: 0.92, g: 0.92, b: 0.92, a: 1}
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@@ -1427,7 +1502,7 @@ MonoBehaviour:
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   zoomSpeed: 3
   cursorAnchoredZoom: 1
   minPitchDegrees: 30
@@ -2539,3 +2614,4 @@ SceneRoots:
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+  - {fileID: 1119106651}

Assets/_Project/Scenes/Levels/TestLevel.asset

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ MonoBehaviour:
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   ScenePath: Assets/_Project/Scenes/Levels/Main.unity
   AuthoringHash: 23fbb3b3dc3b0e03aa6f52cd2607c08275b33919120b2d96ea68b69ade0656f9
-  LastBakeTimestamp: 2026-05-11T05:20:39.4889478Z
+  LastBakeTimestamp: 2026-05-14T17:48:33.8501744Z
   LastBakeOutcome: 1
   LastBakeWarningCount: 2
   GridOriginTile: {x: 0, y: 0}

Assets/_Project/Scripts/Core/GridCoordinates.cs

@@ -90,6 +90,13 @@ namespace TD.Core
         /// Yields the four cardinal neighbors of the given tile (N, E, S, W).
         /// Does NOT check walkability or map bounds — that is the caller's job.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This is the "edge-adjacency" primitive — two tiles are 4-connected if and
+        /// only if they share an edge. Used by bake-time checks that test "is this
+        /// volume adjacent to that volume" (goal-adjacency, leak-exit adjacency, etc.)
+        /// where edge-sharing is the semantic — NOT for pathfinding. For pathing use
+        /// <see cref="GetNeighbors8"/>.
+        /// </remarks>
         public static IEnumerable<Vector2Int> GetNeighbors(Vector2Int tile)
         {
             yield return new Vector2Int(tile.x,     tile.y + 1); // North (+z)
@@ -98,6 +105,77 @@ namespace TD.Core
             yield return new Vector2Int(tile.x - 1, tile.y);     // West  (-x)
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Yields all eight neighbors of the given tile — the four cardinals plus
+        /// the four diagonals (NE, SE, SW, NW). Cardinals are yielded first so
+        /// equal-cost ordering favors cardinal moves at tie-breaks. Does NOT check
+        /// walkability or map bounds.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Used by pathfinding (A*, BFS) for 8-connected movement. Callers must
+        /// check <see cref="IsDiagonal"/> for each yielded neighbor and reject the
+        /// move when either of the two "shoulder" cardinal tiles is non-walkable
+        /// (corner-cut prevention) — see <see cref="GetCornerShoulders"/>.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public static IEnumerable<Vector2Int> GetNeighbors8(Vector2Int tile)
+        {
+            // Cardinals first.
+            yield return new Vector2Int(tile.x,     tile.y + 1); // N
+            yield return new Vector2Int(tile.x + 1, tile.y);     // E
+            yield return new Vector2Int(tile.x,     tile.y - 1); // S
+            yield return new Vector2Int(tile.x - 1, tile.y);     // W
+            // Diagonals.
+            yield return new Vector2Int(tile.x + 1, tile.y + 1); // NE
+            yield return new Vector2Int(tile.x + 1, tile.y - 1); // SE
+            yield return new Vector2Int(tile.x - 1, tile.y - 1); // SW
+            yield return new Vector2Int(tile.x - 1, tile.y + 1); // NW
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// True if <paramref name="from"/> → <paramref name="to"/> is a single diagonal
+        /// step (both X and Y differ by exactly 1). Both tiles assumed to be 8-neighbors.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool IsDiagonal(Vector2Int from, Vector2Int to)
+        {
+            return Mathf.Abs(from.x - to.x) == 1 && Mathf.Abs(from.y - to.y) == 1;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// For a diagonal step <paramref name="from"/> → <paramref name="to"/>, returns the
+        /// two cardinal "shoulder" tiles. To prevent corner-cutting (squeezing through a
+        /// 1-tile diagonal gap between walls), pathfinders should reject the diagonal step
+        /// if either shoulder is non-walkable.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static void GetCornerShoulders(Vector2Int from, Vector2Int to,
+                                              out Vector2Int shoulderA, out Vector2Int shoulderB)
+        {
+            shoulderA = new Vector2Int(to.x, from.y); // step in X first
+            shoulderB = new Vector2Int(from.x, to.y); // step in Y first
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Cost of stepping from <paramref name="from"/> to its 8-neighbor <paramref name="to"/>.
+        /// Returns 1.0 for cardinal moves, √2 for diagonals. Used by 8-connected A*.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static float StepCost(Vector2Int from, Vector2Int to)
+        {
+            return IsDiagonal(from, to) ? 1.41421356f : 1f;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Octile distance between two tiles. Admissible heuristic for 8-connected A* on
+        /// a uniform-cost grid (cardinal cost 1, diagonal cost √2). Equivalent to:
+        /// <c>max(|dx|, |dy|) + (√2 - 1) * min(|dx|, |dy|)</c>.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static float OctileDistance(Vector2Int a, Vector2Int b)
+        {
+            int dx = Mathf.Abs(a.x - b.x);
+            int dy = Mathf.Abs(a.y - b.y);
+            int max = Mathf.Max(dx, dy);
+            int min = Mathf.Min(dx, dy);
+            return max + 0.41421356f * min;
+        }
+
         // ----- Footprint helpers ---------------------------------------------------
         //
         // Towers occupy a footprint of N x M tiles anchored at a single tile coordinate.

Assets/_Project/Scripts/Editor/Levels/LevelBakePipeline.cs

@@ -694,10 +694,21 @@ namespace TD.Levels.Editor
                     var t = bfsQueue.Dequeue();
                     if (exitTiles.Contains(t)) { reachedExit = true; break; }
 
-                    foreach (var n in GridCoordinates.GetNeighbors(t))
+                    // 8-connected with corner-cut prevention — must match the
+                    // runtime PathfindingService / TowerPlacementManager rules.
+                    foreach (var n in GridCoordinates.GetNeighbors8(t))
                     {
                         if (bfsVisited.Contains(n)) continue;
                         if (!walkableSet.Contains(n)) continue;
+
+                        if (GridCoordinates.IsDiagonal(t, n))
+                        {
+                            GridCoordinates.GetCornerShoulders(t, n,
+                                out var shoulderA, out var shoulderB);
+                            if (!walkableSet.Contains(shoulderA) || !walkableSet.Contains(shoulderB))
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
                         bfsVisited.Add(n);
                         bfsQueue.Enqueue(n);
                     }
@@ -871,10 +882,21 @@ namespace TD.Levels.Editor
                 while (queue.Count > 0)
                 {
                     var t = queue.Dequeue();
-                    foreach (var n in GridCoordinates.GetNeighbors(t))
+                    // 8-connected with corner-cut prevention — keeps component
+                    // counting consistent with pathfinding semantics.
+                    foreach (var n in GridCoordinates.GetNeighbors8(t))
                     {
                         if (visited.Contains(n)) continue;
                         if (!walkable.Contains(n)) continue;
+
+                        if (GridCoordinates.IsDiagonal(t, n))
+                        {
+                            GridCoordinates.GetCornerShoulders(t, n,
+                                out var shoulderA, out var shoulderB);
+                            if (!walkable.Contains(shoulderA) || !walkable.Contains(shoulderB))
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
                         visited.Add(n);
                         queue.Enqueue(n);
                     }

Assets/_Project/Scripts/Gameplay/BuilderInputController.cs

@@ -132,7 +132,10 @@ namespace TD.Gameplay
 
             // Escape: clear selection. Allowed during placement mode too — Escape never
             // means anything else here, and clearing selection during placement is fine.
-            if (keyboard != null && keyboard.escapeKey.wasPressedThisFrame)
+            // Suppressed while chat (or any HUD text field) has focus, since Escape there
+            // means "cancel typing" and should not also clear the unit selection.
+            if (keyboard != null && keyboard.escapeKey.wasPressedThisFrame
+                && !HUDController.IsTextInputActive)
             {
                 SelectionState.Instance?.Clear();
             }

Assets/_Project/Scripts/Gameplay/CameraController.cs

@@ -227,8 +227,10 @@ namespace TD.Gameplay
         {
             Vector2 dir = Vector2.zero;
 
-            // Keyboard: WASD + arrow keys
+            // Keyboard: WASD + arrow keys. Suppressed entirely while the player
-            var kb = Keyboard.current;
+            // is typing — pressing 'a' or 'w' into chat should not pan the camera.
+            // (Edge-pan below stays active since it's mouse-driven.)
+            var kb = HUDController.IsTextInputActive ? null : Keyboard.current;
             if (kb != null)
             {
                 if (kb.aKey.isPressed || kb.leftArrowKey.isPressed) dir.x -= 1f;

Assets/_Project/Scripts/Gameplay/ChatService.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+// Assets/_Project/Scripts/Gameplay/ChatService.cs
+using Unity.Collections;
+using Unity.Netcode;
+using UnityEngine;
+using TD.Core;
+
+namespace TD.Gameplay
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Networked chat singleton. Carries player-typed messages between peers and
+    /// exposes a local-only entry point for system messages (life lost, income
+    /// changes, etc.). UI consumers subscribe to <see cref="OnMessageReceived"/>
+    /// to display the feed.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// <b>Authority model.</b> Player messages go client → server (via
+    /// <see cref="SubmitMessage"/> + <see cref="SubmitMessageServerRpc"/>) so the
+    /// server gets a chance to validate/filter, then the server broadcasts to
+    /// every peer via <see cref="BroadcastMessageClientRpc"/>. The host receives
+    /// its own broadcast like any other client, so a single subscription path
+    /// handles every message type uniformly.
+    ///
+    /// <b>System messages.</b> <see cref="PostLocalSystem"/> is local-only and
+    /// does NOT cross the network. Callers typically invoke it from inside an
+    /// already-replicated event (e.g. <see cref="WaveManager.OnLifeLost"/>, which
+    /// fires on every peer via its own ClientRpc) so each peer posts the system
+    /// message itself. This avoids paying a second round-trip for events that
+    /// are inherently broadcast already.
+    ///
+    /// <b>Scene setup.</b> Drop a <c>ChatService</c> GameObject (with a
+    /// <c>NetworkObject</c>) into the gameplay scene. NGO 2.x auto-discovers
+    /// the prefab — no manual registration needed.
+    /// </remarks>
+    [RequireComponent(typeof(NetworkObject))]
+    public class ChatService : NetworkBehaviour
+    {
+        // ----- Singleton --------------------------------------------------
+
+        public static ChatService Instance { get; private set; }
+
+        // ----- Message types ----------------------------------------------
+
+        public enum MessageKind
+        {
+            Player,
+            System,
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// One chat feed entry. <see cref="SenderName"/> is empty for system messages.
+        /// </summary>
+        public readonly struct ChatEntry
+        {
+            public readonly MessageKind Kind;
+            public readonly string      SenderName;
+            public readonly string      Text;
+
+            public ChatEntry(MessageKind kind, string senderName, string text)
+            {
+                Kind       = kind;
+                SenderName = senderName;
+                Text       = text;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // ----- Local events -----------------------------------------------
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Fires on every peer when a player message arrives (after the
+        /// server's ClientRpc) OR when a local system message is posted via
+        /// <see cref="PostLocalSystem"/>. HUD subscribes to render the feed.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static event System.Action<ChatEntry> OnMessageReceived;
+
+        // ----- NGO lifecycle ----------------------------------------------
+
+        public override void OnNetworkSpawn()
+        {
+            if (Instance != null && Instance != this)
+            {
+                Debug.LogError("[ChatService] Duplicate instance detected. " +
+                               "Only one ChatService should exist per scene.");
+                return;
+            }
+            Instance = this;
+        }
+
+        public override void OnNetworkDespawn()
+        {
+            if (Instance == this) Instance = null;
+        }
+
+        // ----- Player messages (network round-trip) -----------------------
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Submits a chat message authored by the local player. Empty / whitespace
+        /// strings are dropped. Text is trimmed and truncated to fit the wire
+        /// payload (~120 chars).
+        /// </summary>
+        public void SubmitMessage(string text)
+        {
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(text)) return;
+            text = text.Trim();
+            if (text.Length > 120) text = text.Substring(0, 120);
+
+            FixedString128Bytes payload = default;
+            payload.Append(text);
+            SubmitMessageRpc(payload);
+        }
+
+        // NGO 2.x unified RPC attribute. SendTo.Server + InvokePermission.Everyone
+        // is the modern replacement for [ServerRpc(RequireOwnership = false)] —
+        // any client (not just the NetworkObject's owner) may invoke it.
+        [Rpc(SendTo.Server, InvokePermission = RpcInvokePermission.Everyone)]
+        private void SubmitMessageRpc(FixedString128Bytes text, RpcParams rpcParams = default)
+        {
+            // Validation / filtering hook — drop spam, profanity, etc. For now we
+            // just broadcast unchanged. The server origin tag means whatever
+            // appears in clients' chat is what the server allowed through.
+            BroadcastMessageRpc(rpcParams.Receive.SenderClientId, text);
+        }
+
+        // SendTo.Everyone matches the old [ClientRpc] behavior under host mode —
+        // the body runs on every peer including the host's local client, so the
+        // host sees its own messages in the feed without a separate local call.
+        [Rpc(SendTo.Everyone)]
+        private void BroadcastMessageRpc(ulong senderClientId, FixedString128Bytes text)
+        {
+            string senderName = ResolveSenderName(senderClientId);
+            OnMessageReceived?.Invoke(
+                new ChatEntry(MessageKind.Player, senderName, text.ToString()));
+        }
+
+        // ----- System messages (local only) -------------------------------
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Posts a system message to the local chat feed only. Does NOT cross the
+        /// network. Callers should invoke this from a code path that's already
+        /// replicated on every peer (e.g. a ClientRpc handler or an event that's
+        /// fired on every peer) so each peer sees the message exactly once.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static void PostLocalSystem(string text)
+        {
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(text)) return;
+            OnMessageReceived?.Invoke(
+                new ChatEntry(MessageKind.System, "", text));
+        }
+
+        // ----- Helpers ----------------------------------------------------
+
+        private static string ResolveSenderName(ulong clientId)
+        {
+            var pms = PlayerMatchState.GetForClient(clientId);
+            if (pms != null && pms.Slot != PlayerSlot.None)
+                return $"P{(int)pms.Slot}";
+            return $"Client {clientId}";
+        }
+    }
+}

Assets/_Project/Scripts/Gameplay/ChatService.cs.meta

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+fileFormatVersion: 2
+guid: 816890bb20c416b419e38d3d4b91ffca

Assets/_Project/Scripts/Gameplay/EnemyMovement.cs

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ namespace TD.Gameplay
         private PlayerSlot        currentZone   = PlayerSlot.None;
         private EnemyStatus       status;
         private bool              hasReachedGoal;
+        private bool              wasStuck;        // dedupes the "no path" warning
 
         // ----- Events ---------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -164,6 +165,12 @@ namespace TD.Gameplay
                 if (toTarget.sqrMagnitude > 0.0001f)
                     transform.rotation = Quaternion.LookRotation(toTarget);
             }
+
+            // Per-frame zone tracking. With path smoothing, waypoints can be
+            // multiple tiles apart and a straight-line segment may cross zone
+            // boundaries. Checking the current tile every frame ensures
+            // OnZoneLeaked fires the moment the enemy enters a new zone.
+            CheckZoneTransition(GridCoordinates.WorldToGrid(transform.position));
         }
 
         // ----- Path management ------------------------------------------------
@@ -231,9 +238,25 @@ namespace TD.Gameplay
 
             remainingPath = service.ComputePath(fromTile);
 
+            // Dedupe the "no path" log: only emit on the transition into stuck
+            // state, not every frame a walkability change re-fires the recompute.
+            // Stuck enemies are a legitimate edge case (tower placement disconnected
+            // a pocket the enemy was in — placement BFS only checks spawner→exit
+            // reachability, not every enemy's current tile). The enemy will just
+            // stand still until a placement change re-opens a route.
             if (remainingPath.Count == 0)
-                Debug.LogWarning($"[EnemyMovement] No path found from {fromTile}. " +
+            {
-                                 "TowerPlacementManager should have prevented a full block.");
+                if (!wasStuck)
+                {
+                    Debug.Log($"[EnemyMovement] No path from {fromTile} — enemy is " +
+                              "stuck in a disconnected pocket. Will retry on next walkability change.");
+                    wasStuck = true;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                wasStuck = false;
+            }
         }
     }
 }

Assets/_Project/Scripts/Gameplay/PathfindingService.cs

@@ -11,9 +11,17 @@ namespace TD.Gameplay
     /// nearest goal tile using A* on the runtime walkability grid.
     /// </summary>
     /// <remarks>
-    /// <b>Algorithm:</b> A* with Manhattan-distance heuristic. Grid cost is uniform
+    /// <b>Algorithm:</b> A* with the octile-distance heuristic on an 8-connected grid.
-    /// (1 per step, 4-connected, no diagonals), so A* is optimal and significantly
+    /// Cardinal steps cost 1.0, diagonal steps cost √2. Octile distance is the admissible
-    /// faster than plain BFS on large grids thanks to the heuristic.
+    /// heuristic for this cost model and yields optimal paths. Diagonal moves require
+    /// both "shoulder" cardinals to be walkable (corner-cut prevention) — preserves
+    /// maze-building, since a 1-tile diagonal gap between two walls won't admit enemies.
+    ///
+    /// <b>Path smoothing:</b> After A* produces a tile-by-tile path, <see cref="SmoothPath"/>
+    /// greedily collapses intermediate waypoints whenever a grid line-of-sight is clear
+    /// between the current anchor and a later waypoint. This produces the any-angle
+    /// straight-line movement seen in WC3/Wintermaul — enemies walk directly across open
+    /// space rather than hugging 45° grid steps.
     ///
     /// <b>Who calls this:</b>
     /// <list type="bullet">
@@ -55,8 +63,9 @@ namespace TD.Gameplay
 
         // A* scratch collections — allocated once and cleared per run to avoid GC.
         // PathfindingService is a singleton, so single-instance scratch is safe.
+        // gScore is float to support diagonal cost √2; the priority queue matches.
         private readonly Dictionary<Vector2Int, Vector2Int>  cameFrom  = new Dictionary<Vector2Int, Vector2Int>();
-        private readonly Dictionary<Vector2Int, int>         gScore    = new Dictionary<Vector2Int, int>();
+        private readonly Dictionary<Vector2Int, float>       gScore    = new Dictionary<Vector2Int, float>();
         private readonly SimplePriorityQueue                  openSet   = new SimplePriorityQueue();
 
         // ----- Lifecycle --------------------------------------------------
@@ -114,9 +123,50 @@ namespace TD.Gameplay
                 return new List<Vector2Int>();
             }
 
+            // If the requested start is non-walkable, the enemy was caught
+            // standing inside a freshly-stamped tower footprint (or any tile
+            // that just became blocked). Nudge to the nearest walkable tile so
+            // the enemy can resume routing instead of repeatedly failing.
+            // Search outward in Chebyshev rings — closest 8-neighbor wins.
+            if (!loader.IsWalkable(startTile))
+            {
+                if (TryFindNearestWalkable(startTile, loader, maxRadius: 4, out var nudged))
+                    startTile = nudged;
+                else
+                    return new List<Vector2Int>();
+            }
+
             return RunAStar(startTile, loader);
         }
 
+        // Expanding ring search (Chebyshev / 8-connected) for the nearest
+        // walkable tile around <paramref name="origin"/>. Caps at maxRadius to
+        // keep this O(maxRadius²) in the worst case. Used by ComputePath when
+        // an enemy's start tile becomes non-walkable mid-flight.
+        private static bool TryFindNearestWalkable(Vector2Int origin, LevelLoader loader,
+                                                   int maxRadius, out Vector2Int found)
+        {
+            for (int r = 1; r <= maxRadius; r++)
+            {
+                for (int dy = -r; dy <= r; dy++)
+                {
+                    for (int dx = -r; dx <= r; dx++)
+                    {
+                        // Only walk the OUTER ring at distance r (skip interior — already checked at smaller r).
+                        if (Mathf.Abs(dx) != r && Mathf.Abs(dy) != r) continue;
+                        var tile = new Vector2Int(origin.x + dx, origin.y + dy);
+                        if (loader.IsWalkable(tile))
+                        {
+                            found = tile;
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            found = default;
+            return false;
+        }
+
         // ----- A* implementation ------------------------------------------
 
         private List<Vector2Int> RunAStar(Vector2Int start, LevelLoader loader)
@@ -125,7 +175,7 @@ namespace TD.Gameplay
             gScore.Clear();
             openSet.Clear();
 
-            gScore[start] = 0;
+            gScore[start] = 0f;
             openSet.Enqueue(start, Heuristic(start));
 
             while (openSet.Count > 0)
@@ -133,21 +183,36 @@ namespace TD.Gameplay
                 Vector2Int current = openSet.Dequeue();
 
                 if (goalTiles.Contains(current))
-                    return ReconstructPath(start, current);
+                {
+                    var tilePath = ReconstructPath(start, current);
+                    return SmoothPath(start, tilePath, loader);
+                }
 
-                int currentG = gScore.TryGetValue(current, out int g) ? g : int.MaxValue;
+                float currentG = gScore.TryGetValue(current, out float g) ? g : float.MaxValue;
 
-                foreach (var neighbor in GridCoordinates.GetNeighbors(current))
+                foreach (var neighbor in GridCoordinates.GetNeighbors8(current))
                 {
                     if (!loader.IsWalkable(neighbor)) continue;
 
-                    int tentativeG = currentG + 1;
+                    // Corner-cut prevention: for a diagonal step, both cardinal
-                    if (gScore.TryGetValue(neighbor, out int existingG)
+                    // shoulder tiles must also be walkable. Otherwise enemies could
+                    // squeeze through 1-tile diagonal gaps between walls — that
+                    // would break the maze-building design intent.
+                    if (GridCoordinates.IsDiagonal(current, neighbor))
+                    {
+                        GridCoordinates.GetCornerShoulders(current, neighbor,
+                            out var shoulderA, out var shoulderB);
+                        if (!loader.IsWalkable(shoulderA) || !loader.IsWalkable(shoulderB))
+                            continue;
+                    }
+
+                    float tentativeG = currentG + GridCoordinates.StepCost(current, neighbor);
+                    if (gScore.TryGetValue(neighbor, out float existingG)
                         && tentativeG >= existingG) continue;
 
                     cameFrom[neighbor] = current;
                     gScore[neighbor]   = tentativeG;
-                    int f = tentativeG + Heuristic(neighbor);
+                    float f = tentativeG + Heuristic(neighbor);
 
                     // Re-enqueue with updated priority. SimplePriorityQueue handles
                     // duplicate entries by ignoring higher-cost duplicates on dequeue.
@@ -155,20 +220,23 @@ namespace TD.Gameplay
                 }
             }
 
-            // No path found — TowerPlacementManager should have prevented this.
+            // No path found. This can legitimately happen during normal play
-            Debug.LogWarning($"[PathfindingService] A* found no path from {start}. " +
+            // when an enemy is in a disconnected pocket created by a tower
-                             "Check that TowerPlacementManager BFS is validating correctly.");
+            // placement (the placement BFS only verifies spawner→exit, not
+            // every enemy's current tile). The EnemyMovement caller dedupes
+            // its own warning so this doesn't spam the console on every
+            // walkability change while an enemy is stuck.
             return new List<Vector2Int>();
         }
 
-        // Manhattan distance to the nearest goal tile. Admissible heuristic for
+        // Octile distance to the nearest goal tile. Admissible heuristic for an
-        // a 4-connected uniform-cost grid.
+        // 8-connected uniform-cost grid (cardinal 1, diagonal √2).
-        private int Heuristic(Vector2Int tile)
+        private float Heuristic(Vector2Int tile)
         {
-            int best = int.MaxValue;
+            float best = float.MaxValue;
             foreach (var goal in goalTiles)
             {
-                int d = GridCoordinates.ManhattanDistance(tile, goal);
+                float d = GridCoordinates.OctileDistance(tile, goal);
                 if (d < best) best = d;
             }
             return best;
@@ -190,6 +258,105 @@ namespace TD.Gameplay
             return path;
         }
 
+        // ----- Path smoothing ---------------------------------------------
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Greedy line-of-sight path simplification. Walks the input tile path and
+        /// collapses runs of tiles into single waypoints whenever a straight grid
+        /// line-of-sight is clear. Produces any-angle paths from the otherwise
+        /// 45°-stepped 8-connected A* output.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Algorithm: maintain an "anchor" (initially the start tile). For each
+        /// position in the path, find the FARTHEST subsequent waypoint that has clear
+        /// LOS from the anchor. Add it to the smoothed result and make it the new
+        /// anchor. Repeat. O(n²) in path length, acceptable for typical TD path
+        /// lengths (&lt; 100 tiles).
+        ///
+        /// LOS check uses Bresenham line walk with the same corner-cut rules as A*
+        /// — a smoothed segment never crosses through a non-walkable tile and never
+        /// squeezes through a diagonal corner.
+        /// </remarks>
+        private List<Vector2Int> SmoothPath(Vector2Int start, List<Vector2Int> path,
+                                             LevelLoader loader)
+        {
+            if (path.Count <= 1) return path;
+
+            var result = new List<Vector2Int>(path.Count);
+            Vector2Int anchor = start;
+            int i = 0;
+
+            while (i < path.Count)
+            {
+                // Find the farthest waypoint we can directly reach from the anchor.
+                int farthest = i;
+                for (int j = path.Count - 1; j > i; j--)
+                {
+                    if (HasLineOfSight(anchor, path[j], loader))
+                    {
+                        farthest = j;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                result.Add(path[farthest]);
+                anchor = path[farthest];
+                i = farthest + 1;
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Grid line-of-sight test from <paramref name="a"/> to <paramref name="b"/>.
+        /// Returns true if a straight Bresenham line between the two tiles only
+        /// crosses walkable tiles, with no diagonal corner-cuts. Used by
+        /// <see cref="SmoothPath"/> to decide whether two waypoints can be collapsed.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static bool HasLineOfSight(Vector2Int a, Vector2Int b, LevelLoader loader)
+        {
+            int x0 = a.x, y0 = a.y;
+            int x1 = b.x, y1 = b.y;
+            int dx = Mathf.Abs(x1 - x0);
+            int dy = Mathf.Abs(y1 - y0);
+            int sx = (x0 < x1) ? 1 : -1;
+            int sy = (y0 < y1) ? 1 : -1;
+            int err = dx - dy;
+
+            int x = x0, y = y0;
+
+            while (x != x1 || y != y1)
+            {
+                int e2 = 2 * err;
+                bool steppedX = false, steppedY = false;
+
+                if (e2 > -dy)
+                {
+                    err -= dy;
+                    x   += sx;
+                    steppedX = true;
+                }
+                if (e2 < dx)
+                {
+                    err += dx;
+                    y   += sy;
+                    steppedY = true;
+                }
+
+                // Diagonal step: enforce corner-cut prevention against the two
+                // shoulder tiles (same rule A* uses).
+                if (steppedX && steppedY)
+                {
+                    if (!loader.IsWalkable(new Vector2Int(x - sx, y))) return false;
+                    if (!loader.IsWalkable(new Vector2Int(x, y - sy))) return false;
+                }
+
+                if (!loader.IsWalkable(new Vector2Int(x, y))) return false;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
         // ----- Helpers ----------------------------------------------------
 
         private void BuildGoalTileSet()
@@ -226,14 +393,15 @@ namespace TD.Gameplay
     // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
     internal sealed class SimplePriorityQueue
     {
-        private readonly List<(int priority, Vector2Int tile)> heap
+        // Float priority to support diagonal cost (√2) in 8-connected A*.
-            = new List<(int, Vector2Int)>();
+        private readonly List<(float priority, Vector2Int tile)> heap
+            = new List<(float, Vector2Int)>();
 
         public int Count => heap.Count;
 
         public void Clear() => heap.Clear();
 
-        public void Enqueue(Vector2Int tile, int priority)
+        public void Enqueue(Vector2Int tile, float priority)
         {
             heap.Add((priority, tile));
             SiftUp(heap.Count - 1);

Assets/_Project/Scripts/Gameplay/TowerPlacementManager.cs

@@ -494,10 +494,25 @@ namespace TD.Gameplay
                 if (exitTiles.Contains(current))
                     return true;
 
-                foreach (var neighbor in GridCoordinates.GetNeighbors(current))
+                // 8-connected expansion to match enemy pathfinding. A 4-connected
+                // BFS here would reject placements enemies could actually navigate
+                // around via diagonals, OR accept placements that diagonally squeeze
+                // through corners. Corner-cut prevention keeps the maze rule consistent
+                // with PathfindingService: a diagonal step requires both shoulder
+                // cardinal tiles to be walkable.
+                foreach (var neighbor in GridCoordinates.GetNeighbors8(current))
                 {
                     if (bfsVisited.Contains(neighbor)) continue;
                     if (!loader.IsWalkable(neighbor)) continue;
+
+                    if (GridCoordinates.IsDiagonal(current, neighbor))
+                    {
+                        GridCoordinates.GetCornerShoulders(current, neighbor,
+                            out var shoulderA, out var shoulderB);
+                        if (!loader.IsWalkable(shoulderA) || !loader.IsWalkable(shoulderB))
+                            continue;
+                    }
+
                     bfsVisited.Add(neighbor);
                     bfsQueue.Enqueue(neighbor);
                 }

Assets/_Project/Scripts/Gameplay/WaveManager.cs

@@ -387,8 +387,20 @@ namespace TD.Gameplay
         private void ShowLifeLossClientRpc(Vector3 worldPos, int amount)
         {
             FloatingTextSpawner.Instance?.SpawnLifeLoss(worldPos, amount);
+            OnLifeLost?.Invoke(amount);
         }
 
+        // ----- Local-only notification events -----------------------------
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Fired on every peer immediately after a life-loss popup spawns.
+        /// HUD subscribes to flash a centered banner; gameplay code can also
+        /// hook this for audio cues, screen-shake, etc. Argument is the number
+        /// of lives lost (usually 1, but boss enemies with LivesCost &gt; 1
+        /// fire a single event carrying the larger value).
+        /// </summary>
+        public static event System.Action<int> OnLifeLost;
+
         // ----- Helpers ----------------------------------------------------
 
         private void UnsubscribeEnemy(EnemyHealth health)

Assets/_Project/Scripts/UI/HUDController.cs

@@ -37,6 +37,23 @@ namespace TD.UI
         [Header("Settings")]
         [SerializeField] private float rejectionMessageDuration = 2.5f;
 
+        [Tooltip("Maximum visible height of the chat feed in pixels. Content past this " +
+                 "height is clipped — older messages scroll off the top of the visible area " +
+                 "but stay in history (scroll up while chat is open to view).")]
+        [SerializeField] private float chatMaxHeight = 280f;
+
+        [Tooltip("Maximum messages kept in chat history. Defaults to effectively unlimited " +
+                 "(int.MaxValue) — every message sent during a match stays scrollable. " +
+                 "Lower the value if a long match ever shows DOM perf issues; this field " +
+                 "is the safety valve, not a normal-play limit.")]
+        [SerializeField] private int chatMaxMessages = int.MaxValue;
+
+        [Tooltip("Color used for SYSTEM chat messages (e.g. 'Life Lost', income changes).")]
+        [SerializeField] private Color chatSystemColor = new Color(1f, 0.7f, 0.2f);
+
+        [Tooltip("Color used for PLAYER chat message bodies. Sender prefix uses the player's slot color.")]
+        [SerializeField] private Color chatPlayerColor = new Color(0.92f, 0.92f, 0.92f);
+
         // ----- Cached UI element references -------------------------------
 
         private Label goldLabel;
@@ -68,6 +85,25 @@ namespace TD.UI
         private VisualElement matchEndOverlay;
         private Label         matchEndTitle;
 
+        // Chat panel (bottom-left, above portrait) — programmatic. The container
+        // holds both the scrollable feed and the input. Highlight + scroll
+        // interactivity are toggled on the container when typing.
+        private VisualElement chatContainer;
+        private ScrollView    chatFeed;
+        private TextField     chatInput;
+        private bool          chatInputOpen;
+
+        // Frame on which the chat input was opened or closed. Enter on that frame
+        // and the next one is ignored to prevent the open/close-triggering keypress
+        // from also being consumed by the input or the open-toggle. Without this,
+        // pressing Enter to open chat would immediately submit an empty message.
+        private int chatToggleSuppressFrame = -1;
+
+        // Set true whenever the chat input or any other text field on the HUD has
+        // keyboard focus. Camera, builder input, and hotkey handlers all gate on
+        // this to keep typing from driving gameplay.
+        public static bool IsTextInputActive { get; private set; }
+
         // ----- State ------------------------------------------------------
 
         private Coroutine rejectionFadeCoroutine;
@@ -247,6 +283,11 @@ namespace TD.UI
             // MatchState.OnPhaseChanged fires Victory or Defeat.
             BuildMatchEndOverlay(root);
 
+            // Chat feed + input. Anchored bottom-left, just above the portrait/bottom-ui bar.
+            // Player typing toggled with Enter; system messages (e.g. life lost) post via
+            // ChatService.PostLocalSystem on every peer.
+            BuildChatPanel(root);
+
             // Publish the panel so non-UI systems can query "is pointer over the HUD".
             // Stored on `myPanel` too so OnDestroy only clears the static if it still
             // points at this instance (defensive against re-creation overlap).
@@ -259,6 +300,8 @@ namespace TD.UI
         private void OnEnable()
         {
             TowerPlacementController.OnRejectionMessageReady += ShowRejectionMessage;
+            WaveManager.OnLifeLost                            += HandleLifeLost;
+            ChatService.OnMessageReceived                     += HandleChatMessage;
             // Try to subscribe now; if SelectionState.Awake hasn't run yet (Unity does
             // not guarantee Awake/OnEnable ordering across objects), Start will retry.
             TrySubscribeSelection();
@@ -267,6 +310,8 @@ namespace TD.UI
         private void OnDisable()
         {
             TowerPlacementController.OnRejectionMessageReady -= ShowRejectionMessage;
+            WaveManager.OnLifeLost                            -= HandleLifeLost;
+            ChatService.OnMessageReceived                     -= HandleChatMessage;
             if (selectionSubscribed && SelectionState.Instance != null)
             {
                 SelectionState.Instance.OnSelectionChanged -= HandleSelectionChanged;
@@ -301,7 +346,13 @@ namespace TD.UI
             RefreshMatchStateDisplays();
             UpdateBuildProgressIfShown();
             UpdateEnemyInfoIfShown();
-            HandleHotkeys();
+            HandleChatInput();
+
+            // Skip gameplay hotkeys while the chat input is focused — letters
+            // typed into chat should not also fire Q/W/E/R tower builds.
+            if (!IsTextInputActive)
+                HandleHotkeys();
+
             minimapView?.Tick();
         }
 
@@ -863,6 +914,375 @@ namespace TD.UI
             cameraController.JumpTo(t.position);
         }
 
+        // ----- Chat feed + input -----------------------------------------
+
+        // Bottom-left chat panel. Anchored 12px from the left edge, with the
+        // bottom edge sitting above the 220px bottom-ui. Layout uses a flex
+        // column: scrollable feed on top, input below. The feed clips at
+        // chatMaxHeight; messages above that scroll off the top of the visible
+        // area but stay in history (visible by scrolling once chat is open).
+        private void BuildChatPanel(VisualElement root)
+        {
+            const float bottomUiHeight = 220f;
+            const float gap            = 8f;
+            const float chatWidth      = 380f;
+            const float inputMinHeight = 32f;
+            const float inputFeedGap   = 6f;   // breathing room between feed and input
+
+            // Container anchored to the bottom-left, growing upward as content
+            // grows (no top/height set → height auto-fits content).
+            chatContainer = new VisualElement();
+            chatContainer.pickingMode        = PickingMode.Ignore; // closed = wheel falls through
+            chatContainer.style.position     = Position.Absolute;
+            chatContainer.style.left         = 12;
+            chatContainer.style.bottom       = bottomUiHeight + gap;
+            chatContainer.style.width        = chatWidth;
+            chatContainer.style.flexDirection = FlexDirection.Column;
+            chatContainer.style.paddingTop    = 4;
+            chatContainer.style.paddingBottom = 4;
+            chatContainer.style.paddingLeft   = 6;
+            chatContainer.style.paddingRight  = 6;
+
+            // Feed: ScrollView so older messages can scroll off the top of the
+            // visible window while staying in history. Vertical-only.
+            chatFeed = new ScrollView(ScrollViewMode.Vertical);
+            chatFeed.style.maxHeight  = chatMaxHeight;
+            chatFeed.style.flexShrink = 1;
+            chatFeed.pickingMode                 = PickingMode.Ignore;
+            chatFeed.contentViewport.pickingMode = PickingMode.Ignore;
+            chatFeed.contentContainer.pickingMode = PickingMode.Ignore;
+            chatFeed.verticalScrollerVisibility = ScrollerVisibility.Hidden;
+
+            // Belt-and-suspenders wheel interceptor. The recursive .hierarchy
+            // pickingMode walk should already prevent wheel events from reaching
+            // chatFeed when chat is closed; this handler is defense-in-depth
+            // against future Unity versions reorganizing ScrollView internals.
+            chatFeed.RegisterCallback<WheelEvent>(evt =>
+            {
+                if (!chatInputOpen)
+                    evt.StopImmediatePropagation();
+            }, TrickleDown.TrickleDown);
+            // Track-style — make the scrollbar slim and dark so it doesn't compete with messages.
+            chatFeed.style.marginBottom = inputFeedGap;
+            chatContainer.Add(chatFeed);
+
+            // Input field. Hidden by default. We use minHeight (not a fixed height)
+            // because the inner unity-text-input element needs vertical padding
+            // for the font to render fully — pinning to 28px clipped descenders
+            // and ascenders. We also style the inner child directly because the
+            // TextField's visible white background lives on it, not on the root.
+            chatInput = new TextField();
+            chatInput.style.minHeight   = inputMinHeight;
+            chatInput.style.width       = Length.Percent(100);
+            chatInput.maxLength         = 120;
+            chatInput.style.display     = DisplayStyle.None;
+            chatInput.isDelayed         = false;
+            StyleChatInputDark(chatInput);
+
+            // Focus tracking — gameplay input gates on IsTextInputActive.
+            chatInput.RegisterCallback<FocusInEvent>(_  => IsTextInputActive = true);
+            chatInput.RegisterCallback<FocusOutEvent>(_ => IsTextInputActive = false);
+
+            // Submit (Enter) and cancel (Escape) are handled in Update via
+            // direct Input System reads — not via UI Toolkit's NavigationSubmit
+            // event, which fires inconsistently relative to TextField.value
+            // commit timing. See HandleChatInput.
+
+            chatContainer.Add(chatInput);
+
+            root.Add(chatContainer);
+
+            // Initial state is closed → every chat descendant (including the
+            // ScrollView's internal scroll-container wrapper) starts Ignore so
+            // panel.Pick falls through to nothing and the camera owns the wheel.
+            SetPickingModeRecursive(chatContainer, PickingMode.Ignore);
+        }
+
+        // Recursively sets pickingMode on every visual descendant of root.
+        //
+        // IMPORTANT: this uses .hierarchy[i] / .hierarchy.childCount, NOT the
+        // root[i] indexer. VisualElement has two hierarchies:
+        //
+        //   * Logical hierarchy (root[i] / root.childCount) — children added by
+        //     user code via Add(). For elements with a redirected contentContainer
+        //     (ScrollView, Foldout, etc.), this only enumerates the user content,
+        //     not the internal scaffolding.
+        //
+        //   * Visual hierarchy (root.hierarchy[i]) — the actual visual tree
+        //     including internal scaffolding (ScrollView's
+        //     unity-content-and-vertical-scroll-container, viewport, scrollers,
+        //     etc.).
+        //
+        // We need the visual hierarchy because the wrapper element
+        // unity-content-and-vertical-scroll-container is what panel.Pick was
+        // landing on. Walking the logical hierarchy would visit ScrollView's
+        // user-added chat lines but skip the internal wrapper entirely.
+        private static void SetPickingModeRecursive(VisualElement root, PickingMode mode)
+        {
+            if (root == null) return;
+            root.pickingMode = mode;
+            int count = root.hierarchy.childCount;
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                SetPickingModeRecursive(root.hierarchy[i], mode);
+        }
+
+        // The TextField root color isn't where the visible background lives — it's
+        // on the inner "unity-text-input" element. Style both: the visible
+        // background goes dark, the text goes white so what the player types is
+        // legible against it, and the inner element gets a few px of vertical
+        // padding so characters with ascenders/descenders (capital letters,
+        // lowercase y/g/p/q/j, "?") don't get clipped.
+        private static void StyleChatInputDark(TextField field)
+        {
+            var darkBg     = new Color(0.10f, 0.10f, 0.10f, 0.95f);
+            var borderClr  = new Color(0.45f, 0.45f, 0.5f);
+
+            field.style.backgroundColor   = darkBg;
+            field.style.color             = Color.white;
+            field.style.borderTopWidth    = field.style.borderBottomWidth =
+                field.style.borderLeftWidth = field.style.borderRightWidth = 1;
+            field.style.borderTopColor    = field.style.borderBottomColor =
+                field.style.borderLeftColor = field.style.borderRightColor = borderClr;
+
+            // The actual editable area child. It exists immediately on construction.
+            var inner = field.Q("unity-text-input");
+            if (inner != null)
+            {
+                inner.style.backgroundColor = darkBg;
+                inner.style.color           = Color.white;
+                inner.style.paddingTop      = 4;
+                inner.style.paddingBottom   = 4;
+                inner.style.paddingLeft     = 6;
+                inner.style.paddingRight    = 6;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Called every frame from Update. Handles all three chat key bindings
+        // via direct Input System reads:
+        //   - Enter (chat closed)  → open input
+        //   - Enter (chat open)    → submit + close
+        //   - Escape (chat open)   → close without submit
+        //
+        // Reading the Input System directly avoids two UI Toolkit quirks:
+        //   1. The first Enter inside a focused TextField is sometimes consumed
+        //      by the field's internal edit-mode handler before NavigationSubmit
+        //      can fire, requiring a SECOND Enter to trigger the user-visible
+        //      submit. Going through Keyboard.current sidesteps that pipeline.
+        //   2. KeyDownEvent / NavigationSubmitEvent fire timing isn't aligned
+        //      with TextField.value commit on every Unity version. Reading the
+        //      Input System happens at a deterministic point in Update where
+        //      TextField.value is already up to date (since isDelayed = false).
+        private void HandleChatInput()
+        {
+            if (chatInput == null) return;
+
+            var kb = Keyboard.current;
+            if (kb == null) return;
+
+            // Suppression window covers the frame after open/close so the same
+            // keypress that toggled chat doesn't immediately fire the opposite path.
+            if (Time.frameCount <= chatToggleSuppressFrame) return;
+
+            bool enterDown = kb.enterKey.wasPressedThisFrame
+                          || kb.numpadEnterKey.wasPressedThisFrame;
+            bool escDown   = kb.escapeKey.wasPressedThisFrame;
+
+            if (!chatInputOpen)
+            {
+                if (enterDown) OpenChatInput();
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Chat is open.
+            if (enterDown) SubmitChatInput();
+            else if (escDown) CloseChatInput(submit: false);
+        }
+
+        private void OpenChatInput()
+        {
+            if (chatInput == null) return;
+            chatInput.style.display = DisplayStyle.Flex;
+            chatInput.SetValueWithoutNotify(string.Empty);
+
+            // Switch the chat panel from "passive display" to "interactive":
+            //   - Container gets a dark translucent background as a visual cue
+            //     AND becomes pointer-active so clicks on the highlight don't
+            //     fall through and place towers / deselect units underneath.
+            //   - Feed becomes pointer-active so wheel events scroll it (and
+            //     so IsPointerOverInteractiveHud picks the chat for camera-gate).
+            //   - Scrollbar becomes visible.
+            if (chatContainer != null)
+                chatContainer.style.backgroundColor = new Color(0f, 0f, 0f, 0.40f);
+            if (chatFeed != null)
+                chatFeed.verticalScrollerVisibility = ScrollerVisibility.Auto;
+
+            // Make EVERY descendant of the chat panel interactive. Setting Position
+            // recursively covers ScrollView's internal scroll-container wrapper
+            // (which our previous explicit list of three pickingMode targets
+            // missed), so panel.Pick will reliably land on a chat element and
+            // wheel events will reach the ScrollView's manipulator.
+            SetPickingModeRecursive(chatContainer, PickingMode.Position);
+
+            // Suppress Enter for this frame and the next so the keypress that
+            // opened chat doesn't also submit it empty. Focus is deferred a frame
+            // for the same reason — UI Toolkit would otherwise route the open-Enter
+            // to the freshly-focused TextField immediately.
+            chatToggleSuppressFrame = Time.frameCount + 1;
+            chatInputOpen = true;
+            StartCoroutine(FocusChatNextFrame());
+        }
+
+        private IEnumerator FocusChatNextFrame()
+        {
+            yield return null;
+            if (chatInputOpen && chatInput != null)
+            {
+                chatInput.Focus();
+                // Focus alone doesn't always activate the text caret immediately.
+                // SelectAll forces the field into edit mode reliably across versions.
+                chatInput.SelectAll();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void CloseChatInput(bool submit)
+        {
+            if (chatInput == null) return;
+            if (submit) SubmitChatInput();
+            RevertChatPanelToPassive();
+        }
+
+        private void SubmitChatInput()
+        {
+            string text = chatInput?.value ?? string.Empty;
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(text) && ChatService.Instance != null)
+                ChatService.Instance.SubmitMessage(text);
+
+            RevertChatPanelToPassive();
+        }
+
+        // Single source of truth for "chat is no longer in typing mode" — clears the
+        // input, hides it, restores pickingMode = Ignore on every layer that flipped
+        // to Position on Open, drops the highlight background, and flips the debug
+        // border back to red. Both Submit and Close route through here so the two
+        // close paths can't drift out of sync (which is exactly what caused the
+        // "border stays green / wheel keeps scrolling" bug).
+        private void RevertChatPanelToPassive()
+        {
+            if (chatInput != null)
+            {
+                chatInput.SetValueWithoutNotify(string.Empty);
+                chatInput.style.display = DisplayStyle.None;
+                chatInput.Blur();
+            }
+
+            if (chatContainer != null)
+                chatContainer.style.backgroundColor = StyleKeyword.Initial;
+            if (chatFeed != null)
+                chatFeed.verticalScrollerVisibility = ScrollerVisibility.Hidden;
+
+            // Same as Open's recursive Position, but Ignore — covers ScrollView's
+            // internal scroll-container wrapper so panel.Pick falls through to
+            // whatever's behind chat (which is nothing, so IsPointerOverInteractiveHud
+            // returns false and the camera processes wheel events normally).
+            SetPickingModeRecursive(chatContainer, PickingMode.Ignore);
+
+            chatInputOpen = false;
+            chatToggleSuppressFrame = Time.frameCount + 1;
+        }
+
+        // Subscribed to ChatService.OnMessageReceived. Appends a new line to
+        // the feed, prunes the oldest if we exceed the history cap, and
+        // auto-scrolls only if the player was already viewing the latest
+        // messages — preserving their position if they've scrolled up to
+        // read older history.
+        private void HandleChatMessage(ChatService.ChatEntry entry)
+        {
+            if (chatFeed == null) return;
+
+            // Capture "was the user at the bottom" BEFORE we append, while the
+            // layout still reflects the pre-message state. If they were, we
+            // re-pin to the new bottom after the message lays out. If they
+            // weren't (scrolled up reading history), we leave their position
+            // alone so new messages don't yank them back.
+            bool wasAtBottom = !chatInputOpen || IsChatScrolledToBottom();
+
+            var line = BuildChatLine(entry);
+            chatFeed.Add(line);
+
+            // Bound history. ScrollView.contentContainer is what actually holds
+            // child elements (the ScrollView root has its own layout chrome).
+            // Default chatMaxMessages is effectively unlimited so this loop is
+            // a no-op in normal play; the cap exists as a safety valve.
+            var content = chatFeed.contentContainer;
+            while (content.childCount > chatMaxMessages)
+                content.RemoveAt(0);
+
+            if (!wasAtBottom) return;
+
+            // Defer scroll-to-bottom until layout has resolved the new line's
+            // height — without the delay, contentContainer.layout.height is
+            // stale and we'd scroll to the previous max.
+            chatFeed.schedule.Execute(() =>
+            {
+                if (chatFeed == null) return;
+                var height = chatFeed.contentContainer.layout.height;
+                chatFeed.scrollOffset = new Vector2(0, Mathf.Max(0, height));
+            }).ExecuteLater(1);
+        }
+
+        // True if the feed isn't overflowing yet, or the player's scroll
+        // position is within a few pixels of the bottom edge of the content.
+        // Used to decide whether to auto-scroll on new messages.
+        private bool IsChatScrolledToBottom()
+        {
+            if (chatFeed == null) return true;
+
+            float viewportHeight = chatFeed.contentViewport.layout.height;
+            float contentHeight  = chatFeed.contentContainer.layout.height;
+
+            // Not overflowing → effectively "at the bottom" (everything visible).
+            if (contentHeight <= viewportHeight + 0.5f) return true;
+
+            float maxScroll = contentHeight - viewportHeight;
+            const float tolerance = 4f;
+            return chatFeed.scrollOffset.y >= maxScroll - tolerance;
+        }
+
+        private Label BuildChatLine(ChatService.ChatEntry entry)
+        {
+            var line = new Label();
+            line.pickingMode  = PickingMode.Ignore;
+            line.style.marginBottom = 2;
+            line.style.color  = entry.Kind == ChatService.MessageKind.System
+                ? chatSystemColor
+                : chatPlayerColor;
+            line.style.whiteSpace = WhiteSpace.Normal; // wrap long messages
+
+            // Soft drop shadow so messages stay readable over varied backgrounds.
+            line.style.textShadow = new TextShadow
+            {
+                offset     = new Vector2(1, 1),
+                blurRadius = 2,
+                color      = new Color(0f, 0f, 0f, 0.85f),
+            };
+
+            line.text = entry.Kind == ChatService.MessageKind.System
+                ? entry.Text
+                : $"[{entry.SenderName}] {entry.Text}";
+
+            return line;
+        }
+
+        // Fires every time WaveManager.OnLifeLost is invoked (one event per leak).
+        // Routes the notification through ChatService as a SYSTEM message so it
+        // shares the feed with player chat. The lives counter in the top bar
+        // still updates independently via MatchState replication.
+        private void HandleLifeLost(int amount)
+        {
+            string text = amount == 1 ? "1 Life Lost" : $"{amount} Lives Lost";
+            ChatService.PostLocalSystem(text);
+        }
+
         // ----- Match-end overlay (Victory / Defeat + Retry) ---------------
 
         private void BuildMatchEndOverlay(VisualElement root)