UnityTowerDefense/Assets/_Project/Scripts/Gameplay/TowerPlacementManager.cs

// Assets/_Project/Scripts/Gameplay/TowerPlacementManager.cs
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Unity.Netcode;
using UnityEngine;
using TD.Core;
using TD.Levels;
using TD.Towers;

namespace TD.Gameplay
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Server-authoritative manager for tower placement requests. Receives placement
    /// requests from clients via RPC, validates them in order, and either spawns the
    /// tower or rejects the request with a reason code.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// <para><b>Queue-based processing.</b> Incoming RPCs enqueue a
    /// <see cref="PlacementRequest"/> rather than validating inline. Each server
    /// Update drains up to <see cref="RequestsPerFrame"/> requests. At 60 fps this
    /// gives ~180 validations/second, comfortably above the worst-case 90/second
    /// (9 players × 10 placements/second). Queuing keeps the server frame budget
    /// predictable regardless of burst traffic.</para>
    ///
    /// <para><b>Server-only logic.</b> All validation and mutation runs on the server.
    /// Clients learn about accepted placements when the <see cref="TowerInstance"/>
    /// NetworkObject spawns (NGO replicates it automatically). Clients learn about
    /// rejections via <see cref="PlacementRejectedRpc"/>.</para>
    ///
    /// <para><b>Validation order:</b>
    /// <list type="number">
    ///   <item>Ownership — every footprint tile must be owned by the requesting player.</item>
    ///   <item>Placement state — every footprint tile must be <c>Buildable</c> and unoccupied.</item>
    ///   <item>Gold — the placing player must have enough gold.</item>
    ///   <item>Path — a BFS confirms every spawner in the placing player's zone still reaches
    ///         an exit after the footprint is stamped as non-walkable.</item>
    /// </list></para>
    ///
    /// <para><b>Path-check BFS.</b> The server temporarily stamps the footprint,
    /// runs BFS per spawner, then un-stamps if the check fails. This is O(tiles in zone)
    /// per spawner per request — acceptable for low-frequency gameplay actions and the
    /// queue-rate-limited processing model.</para>
    ///
    /// <para><b>Builder range check.</b> Deliberately omitted in Path B. The builder
    /// system does not exist yet. When Path D is implemented, add a range check between
    /// steps 2 and 3 above, gated on the requesting player's Builder position.</para>
    /// </remarks>
    public class TowerPlacementManager : NetworkBehaviour
    {
        // ----- Singleton --------------------------------------------------

        /// <summary>
        /// The active TowerPlacementManager. Null before the scene loads or after it unloads.
        /// Always null-check before use. Only meaningful on the server; clients route all
        /// placement through RPC.
        /// </summary>
        public static TowerPlacementManager Instance { get; private set; }

        // ----- Inspector --------------------------------------------------

        [Tooltip("Maximum number of placement requests processed per server Update tick. " +
                 "At 60 fps, 3 requests/frame = 180 validations/second, well above the " +
                 "worst-case 90/second (9 players × 10 placements/second).")]
        [SerializeField] private int requestsPerFrame = 3;

        [Tooltip("Tower definitions available in this match, indexed by TowerTypeId. " +
                 "Populate this with every TowerDefinition asset the current race roster " +
                 "contains. Index 0 is reserved; valid IDs start at 1. " +
                 "(Temporary: will be driven by RaceDefinition once Path E is complete.)")]
        [SerializeField] private TowerDefinition[] towerDefinitions = new TowerDefinition[0];

        // ----- Internal request queue -------------------------------------

        private struct PlacementRequest
        {
            public ulong SenderClientId;
            public Vector2Int Anchor;   // SW corner of the footprint, in world-tile coords.
            public int TowerTypeId;     // Index into towerDefinitions[].
        }

        private readonly Queue<PlacementRequest> pendingRequests = new Queue<PlacementRequest>();

        // Reusable scratch collections for BFS — allocated once and cleared per
        // check to avoid per-frame GC pressure. Only used on the server.
        private readonly Queue<Vector2Int> bfsQueue = new Queue<Vector2Int>();
        private readonly HashSet<Vector2Int> bfsVisited = new HashSet<Vector2Int>();

        // ----- Lifecycle --------------------------------------------------

        public override void OnNetworkSpawn()
        {
            if (IsServer)
            {
                if (Instance != null && Instance != this)
                {
                    Debug.LogError("[TowerPlacementManager] Multiple instances detected. " +
                                   "Only one TowerPlacementManager should exist per scene.");
                }
                Instance = this;
                Debug.Log("[TowerPlacementManager] Server ready.");
            }
        }

        public override void OnNetworkDespawn()
        {
            if (Instance == this) Instance = null;
        }

        // ----- Server Update — queue drain --------------------------------

        private void Update()
        {
            if (!IsServer) return;

            int processed = 0;
            while (pendingRequests.Count > 0 && processed < requestsPerFrame)
            {
                ProcessRequest(pendingRequests.Dequeue());
                processed++;
            }
        }

        // ----- RPC: client → server (placement request) -------------------

        /// <summary>
        /// Client entry point. Call this on the local client to request placing a tower.
        /// The server will validate and either spawn the tower (visible to all clients)
        /// or call back with <see cref="PlacementRejectedRpc"/>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="anchorX">X component of the footprint anchor tile (world-tile coords).</param>
        /// <param name="anchorY">Y component of the footprint anchor tile (world-tile coords).</param>
        /// <param name="towerTypeId">Index into the server's towerDefinitions array.</param>
        [Rpc(SendTo.Server)]
        public void RequestPlaceTowerRpc(int anchorX, int anchorY, int towerTypeId,
                                         RpcParams rpcParams = default)
        {
            pendingRequests.Enqueue(new PlacementRequest
            {
                SenderClientId = rpcParams.Receive.SenderClientId,
                Anchor = new Vector2Int(anchorX, anchorY),
                TowerTypeId = towerTypeId,
            });
        }

        // ----- RPC: server → client (rejection notification) --------------

        /// <summary>
        /// Sent by the server to the placing client when a placement request is rejected.
        /// The client uses the reason to display a feedback message to the player.
        /// </summary>
        [Rpc(SendTo.SpecifiedInParams)]
        private void PlacementRejectedRpc(PlacementRejectionReason reason,
                                          RpcParams rpcParams = default)
        {
            // This executes on the target client.
            Debug.Log($"[TowerPlacementManager] Placement rejected: {reason}");

            // TowerPlacementController listens for this via the static event below.
            OnPlacementRejected?.Invoke(reason);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Fired on the local client when the server rejects this client's placement request.
        /// <see cref="TowerPlacementController"/> subscribes to this to display rejection
        /// feedback messages.
        /// </summary>
        public static event System.Action<PlacementRejectionReason> OnPlacementRejected;

        // ----- Core validation and placement logic ------------------------

        private void ProcessRequest(PlacementRequest req)
        {
            // Resolve the TowerDefinition first — needed by every subsequent check.
            if (!TryGetDefinition(req.TowerTypeId, out TowerDefinition def))
            {
                Reject(req, PlacementRejectionReason.InvalidTowerType);
                return;
            }

            var loader = LevelLoader.Instance;
            if (loader == null || !loader.IsLoaded)
            {
                Reject(req, PlacementRejectionReason.ServerError);
                return;
            }

            // Collect the footprint tiles once; used by all subsequent checks.
            var footprint = new List<Vector2Int>(def.FootprintSize.x * def.FootprintSize.y);
            foreach (var tile in GridCoordinates.GetFootprintTiles(req.Anchor, def.FootprintSize))
                footprint.Add(tile);

            // ------------------------------------------------------------------
            // Check 1: Ownership
            // Every footprint tile must be owned by the placing player's zone.
            // ------------------------------------------------------------------
            PlayerSlot placingSlot = ClientIdToPlayerSlot(req.SenderClientId);
            if (placingSlot == PlayerSlot.None)
            {
                Reject(req, PlacementRejectionReason.ServerError);
                return;
            }

            foreach (var tile in footprint)
            {
                if (loader.GetOwner(tile) != placingSlot)
                {
                    Reject(req, PlacementRejectionReason.WrongOwner);
                    return;
                }
            }

            // ------------------------------------------------------------------
            // Check 2: Placement state + occupancy
            // Every footprint tile must be Buildable and not already occupied.
            // ------------------------------------------------------------------
            foreach (var tile in footprint)
            {
                if (loader.GetPlacement(tile) != PlacementState.Buildable)
                {
                    Reject(req, PlacementRejectionReason.TileNotBuildable);
                    return;
                }
                if (loader.IsOccupied(tile))
                {
                    Reject(req, PlacementRejectionReason.TileOccupied);
                    return;
                }
            }

            // ------------------------------------------------------------------
            // Check 3: Build range
            // Tower must be within the placing player's builder's build range.
            // Cheap to check; runs before gold and path so we don't burn cycles
            // on out-of-range placements.
            // ------------------------------------------------------------------
            var builder = Builder.GetForClient(req.SenderClientId);
            if (builder == null)
            {
                // No builder spawned for this client — server-side error, not a player-facing one.
                Reject(req, PlacementRejectionReason.ServerError);
                return;
            }
            if (!builder.IsTileWithinBuildRange(req.Anchor, def.FootprintSize))
            {
                Reject(req, PlacementRejectionReason.OutOfRange);
                return;
            }

            // ------------------------------------------------------------------
            // Check 4: Gold
            // Validate before the path check — cheaper, and no point running BFS
            // if the player can't afford the tower.
            // ------------------------------------------------------------------
            var goldManager = PlayerGoldManager.GetForClient(req.SenderClientId);
            if (goldManager == null || goldManager.CurrentGold < def.GoldCost)
            {
                Reject(req, PlacementRejectionReason.InsufficientGold);
                return;
            }

            // ------------------------------------------------------------------
            // Check 5: Path validity
            // Temporarily stamp the footprint, run BFS per spawner in the placing
            // player's zone, then un-stamp if any spawner loses its exit route.
            // ------------------------------------------------------------------
            StampFootprint(loader, footprint, walkable: false, occupied: true);

            bool pathValid = CheckPathValidity(loader, placingSlot);

            if (!pathValid)
            {
                // Un-stamp — the placement is rejected, grid stays as it was.
                StampFootprint(loader, footprint, walkable: true, occupied: false);
                Reject(req, PlacementRejectionReason.BlocksPath);
                return;
            }

            // ------------------------------------------------------------------
            // All checks passed — commit the placement.
            // The footprint stamp is already applied (walkable=false, occupied=true).
            // Deduct gold and spawn the tower NetworkObject.
            // ------------------------------------------------------------------
            goldManager.DeductGold(def.GoldCost);

            SpawnTower(def, req.Anchor, placingSlot);

            Debug.Log($"[TowerPlacementManager] Placed '{def.DisplayName}' for " +
                      $"client {req.SenderClientId} ({placingSlot}) at anchor {req.Anchor}.");
        }

        // ----- Path-validity BFS ------------------------------------------

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns true if every spawner in <paramref name="placingSlot"/>'s zone can still
        /// reach an exit tile (any leak exit tile OR any goal tile) via walkable tiles,
        /// given the current state of <c>LevelLoader</c>'s runtime walkability grid.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// Mirrors bake-time P5-4. Runs a BFS per spawner against the runtime walkability
        /// grid. Reuses <see cref="bfsQueue"/> and <see cref="bfsVisited"/> scratch
        /// collections (cleared between BFS runs) to avoid GC allocation per call.
        /// </remarks>
        private bool CheckPathValidity(LevelLoader loader, PlayerSlot slot)
        {
            var levelData = loader.LevelData;

            // Find the PlayerZoneData for this slot.
            PlayerZoneData zoneData = null;
            foreach (var zone in levelData.PlayerZones)
            {
                if (zone.Owner == slot) { zoneData = zone; break; }
            }
            if (zoneData == null || zoneData.Spawners == null || zoneData.Spawners.Length == 0)
            {
                // No spawners means nothing to block — treat as valid.
                return true;
            }

            // Build the exit tile set: union of all leak exit tiles and all goal tiles.
            // This is built fresh per call because it doesn't change within a match
            // (tiles never move), but the allocation cost is small and correctness
            // is more important than micro-optimization here.
            var exitTiles = BuildExitTileSet(levelData, slot);
            if (exitTiles.Count == 0)
            {
                // Zone has no exits at all — this would have been caught at bake time (P5-8).
                // Treat as valid so a bake-side error doesn't cause all placements to fail.
                Debug.LogWarning($"[TowerPlacementManager] Zone {slot} has no exit tiles. " +
                                 $"This should have been caught at bake time (P5-8).");
                return true;
            }

            // BFS per spawner: each spawner's tile area is the BFS seed set.
            foreach (var spawner in zoneData.Spawners)
            {
                if (!SpawnerCanReachExit(loader, spawner, exitTiles))
                    return false;
            }

            return true;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Builds the set of tiles that count as "exits" for the given player zone:
        /// all tiles of every LeakExit FROM this zone, plus all goal tiles.
        /// </summary>
        private HashSet<Vector2Int> BuildExitTileSet(LevelData levelData, PlayerSlot slot)
        {
            var exits = new HashSet<Vector2Int>();

            // Leak exit tiles for this zone.
            foreach (var zone in levelData.PlayerZones)
            {
                if (zone.Owner != slot) continue;
                if (zone.LeakExits == null) continue;
                foreach (var leak in zone.LeakExits)
                    foreach (var tile in leak.TileArea)
                        exits.Add(tile);
            }

            // Goal tiles (all goals count as exits for the final defender zone).
            if (levelData.Goals != null)
                foreach (var goal in levelData.Goals)
                    foreach (var tile in goal.TileArea)
                        exits.Add(tile);

            return exits;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// BFS from <paramref name="spawner"/>'s tile area. Returns true if any exit tile
        /// is reachable via walkable tiles. Uses the shared scratch queue and visited set.
        /// </summary>
        private bool SpawnerCanReachExit(LevelLoader loader, SpawnerData spawner,
                                          HashSet<Vector2Int> exitTiles)
        {
            bfsQueue.Clear();
            bfsVisited.Clear();

            // Seed the BFS with the spawner's full tile area (not just its center tile),
            // matching bake-time P5-4 exactly.
            foreach (var tile in spawner.TileArea)
            {
                if (bfsVisited.Add(tile))
                    bfsQueue.Enqueue(tile);
            }

            while (bfsQueue.Count > 0)
            {
                var current = bfsQueue.Dequeue();

                if (exitTiles.Contains(current))
                    return true;

                foreach (var neighbor in GridCoordinates.GetNeighbors(current))
                {
                    if (bfsVisited.Contains(neighbor)) continue;
                    if (!loader.IsWalkable(neighbor)) continue;
                    bfsVisited.Add(neighbor);
                    bfsQueue.Enqueue(neighbor);
                }
            }

            return false;
        }

        // ----- Helpers ----------------------------------------------------

        /// <summary>
        /// Stamps or un-stamps all tiles in <paramref name="footprint"/> on both the
        /// walkability and occupancy grids simultaneously. Always update both together.
        /// </summary>
        private static void StampFootprint(LevelLoader loader, List<Vector2Int> footprint,
                                           bool walkable, bool occupied)
        {
            foreach (var tile in footprint)
            {
                loader.SetWalkable(tile, walkable);
                loader.SetOccupied(tile, occupied);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Spawns the tower NetworkObject at the footprint center and records the
        /// placing player's slot on the <see cref="TowerInstance"/> component.
        /// </summary>
        private void SpawnTower(TowerDefinition def, Vector2Int anchor, PlayerSlot owner)
        {
            if (def.TowerPrefab == null)
            {
                Debug.LogError($"[TowerPlacementManager] TowerDefinition '{def.DisplayName}' " +
                               $"has no TowerPrefab assigned. Cannot spawn.");
                return;
            }

            Vector3 spawnPos = GridCoordinates.GetFootprintCenterWorld(anchor, def.FootprintSize);
            // Towers sit on the buildable plane (Y=0); raise slightly so the mesh base
            // sits flush rather than half-clipped. A cube of scale 1 needs +0.5 on Y.
            spawnPos.y = 0.5f;

            var go = Instantiate(def.TowerPrefab, spawnPos, Quaternion.identity);
            var instance = go.GetComponent<TowerInstance>();
            if (instance == null)
            {
                Debug.LogError($"[TowerPlacementManager] TowerPrefab '{def.TowerPrefab.name}' " +
                               $"is missing a TowerInstance component.");
                Destroy(go);
                return;
            }

            // Set data before network spawn so TowerInstance.OnNetworkSpawn sees it.
            instance.InitializeServer(def, anchor, owner);

            var netObj = go.GetComponent<NetworkObject>();
            if (netObj == null)
            {
                Debug.LogError($"[TowerPlacementManager] TowerPrefab '{def.TowerPrefab.name}' " +
                               $"is missing a NetworkObject component.");
                Destroy(go);
                return;
            }
            netObj.Spawn(destroyWithScene: true);
        }

        // ----- Utility ----------------------------------------------------

        private static bool TryGetDefinition(int typeId, out TowerDefinition def)
        {
            def = null;
            // typeId 0 is reserved; valid IDs start at 1.
            if (typeId <= 0) return false;
            // Instance check for the static helper path — callers that have a
            // direct reference use the instance array directly.
            if (Instance == null) return false;
            if (typeId >= Instance.towerDefinitions.Length) return false;
            def = Instance.towerDefinitions[typeId];
            return def != null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Maps a client ID to the PlayerSlot assigned to that client.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// STUB: Currently uses a trivial mapping where client 0 = Player1, client 1 = Player2,
        /// etc. This will be replaced when MatchState / PlayerMatchState is implemented and
        /// carries the authoritative client-to-slot assignment.
        /// </remarks>
        private static PlayerSlot ClientIdToPlayerSlot(ulong clientId)
        {
            // NGO client IDs start at 0 (host). PlayerSlot values start at 1.
            // Cast is safe for up to 9 players; beyond that returns None.
            byte slotByte = (byte)(clientId + 1);
            if (slotByte < 1 || slotByte > 9) return PlayerSlot.None;
            return (PlayerSlot)slotByte;
        }

        private void Reject(PlacementRequest req, PlacementRejectionReason reason)
        {
            Debug.Log($"[TowerPlacementManager] Rejected request from client " +
                      $"{req.SenderClientId} at anchor {req.Anchor}: {reason}");

            // Send the rejection RPC back to only the requesting client.
            PlacementRejectedRpc(reason,
                new RpcParams
                {
                    Send = new RpcSendParams
                    {
                        Target = RpcTarget.Single(req.SenderClientId, RpcTargetUse.Temp)
                    }
                });
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Reason codes sent to the client when the server rejects a placement request.
    /// Used by <see cref="TowerPlacementController"/> to display the appropriate
    /// feedback message to the player.
    /// </summary>
    public enum PlacementRejectionReason
    {
        /// <summary>One or more footprint tiles belong to a different player's zone.</summary>
        WrongOwner,

        /// <summary>One or more footprint tiles are not in a Buildable state
        /// (they are Restricted or Outside the map).</summary>
        TileNotBuildable,

        /// <summary>One or more footprint tiles are already occupied by an existing tower.</summary>
        TileOccupied,

        /// <summary>The placing player does not have enough gold.</summary>
        InsufficientGold,

        /// <summary>The placing player's builder is too far from the requested location.</summary>
        OutOfRange,

        /// <summary>Placing this tower would block all valid paths from at least one
        /// spawner to its exit. The maze must remain passable.</summary>
        BlocksPath,

        /// <summary>The requested tower type ID is not in the server's definition list.</summary>
        InvalidTowerType,

        /// <summary>An unexpected server-side error occurred (e.g., LevelLoader not loaded,
        /// client not mapped to a PlayerSlot). Check server logs.</summary>
        ServerError,
    }
}